ACR and diabetes mellitus: In a multivariable regression analysis with P-ETP as the dependent variable and the above-mentioned variables as independent variables, we found that sex (rpartial = − 0.05, p = 0.004), BMI (rpartial = 0.13, p < 0.0001), diabetes duration (rpartial = 0.07, p < 0.0001), HDL (rpartial = − 0.04, p = 0.01), HbA1c (rpartial = 0.05, p = 0.003), eGFR (rpartial = − 0.26, p < 0.0001), ACR (rpartial = 0.11, p < 0.0001), AST (rpartial = 0.07, p = 0.0001), ALT (rpartial = − 0.06, p = 0.0008), and NTproBNP (rpartial = 0.10, p < 0.0001) were independently associated with P-ETP.