We first investigated serum EMC10 levels in a white cohort including human study participants with leanness, overweight, and obesity, and observed that circulating EMC10 levels were significantly upregulated in overweight compared to lean individuals and the upregulation was further exacerbated in patients with obesity (Fig. 1A, Supplementary Table 1). The gene discussed is EMC10; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.