Furthermore, we identified an upregulation of major components of the complement pathway, and of cytokines related to innate immunity (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and TGF-β).29 At pathway level, the upregulation of nucleic acid metabolism and innate immune sensing during tumour progression was evident in the epithelium of pT1 cancers. This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and neoplasm.