CXCL12 and neoplasm: In terms of tumor promotion, TGF-β, IL-1β, and CXCL12 can promote the survival and proliferation of tumor cells, TNF and IL-6 can cause the disorder of cytokine regulation and promote tumor inflammation, IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β can be expressed, TNF, IL-6, and various chemokines can also promote angiogenesis (Zhou et al., 2021).