PTGS2 and depressive symptom measurement: In summary, inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine COX-2 in the inflammatory response has an effect on CNS and 5-HT, HA, GABA, DA and glutamatergic neurotransmission, further affecting the onset of depression, and this effect needs to be further evaluated, which should include clinical trials in a larger number of patients (Figure 1).