KL and diabetes mellitus: Our research discovered a nonlinear and positive association between serum Klotho levels and diabetes, independent of other confounding factors with known effects on the development of diabetes, including such as educational level, race, BMI, waist circumference, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, history of CVD and hypertension, dyslipidemia, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, and eGFR.