INS and gestational diabetes: Women with GDM had a significantly higher level of fasting glucose (p<0.001), 1-h glucose (p<0.001), 2-h glucose (p<0.001), 2-h insulin (p<0.001), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (p=0.040) and triacylglycerol (TG) (p=0.03) than women with NGT.