In the univariate Cox proportional hazard analyses, age, gender, smoking history, COPD, CKD, NYHA, HR, systolic BP, diastolic BP, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST, uric acid, sodium, potassium, lg NT-proBNP, LVEF, GNRI, and lg ALI were associated with all-cause mortality (Table 2A). Here, NPPB is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.