However, despite that fact that PA administration led to a decrease in the number of apoptotic “dark” neurons with pyknotic nuclei compared with the T2DM group, unexpectedly, pro-apoptotic protein Bax (both dimer and monomer forms) as well as caspase-3 levels were upregulated after PA administration, showing the tendency to the launch of apoptosis, however, it was not reflected at the cellular level with apoptotic signs. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.