INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: An electronic search from PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Trial register, and Google scholar was conducted from January 2011 to 11 December 2021, using the search string: (diabetes OR DM OR T1D) AND (diabetic ketoacidosis OR DKA OR ketoacidosis) AND (intravenous insulin OR IV insulin OR insulin) AND (safety) AND (efficacy).