HBEGF and cancer: To determine whether poor OS in patients with LUAD is attributable to higher HB-EGF levels affecting TIIC involvement in cancer progression, we explore the correlation between the expression of HB-EGF and the marker gene sets of diverse immune cells, namely cytotoxic T cells, Tregs, T helper cells, exhausted T cells, B cells, mast cells, NK cells, neutrophils, classical monocytes, nonclassical monocytes, M1/M2 macrophages, and plasmacytoid and conventional DCs.