MTOR and urinary bladder carcinoma: In contrast, upregulated pathways in early luminal tumors were more limited, but were noticeably more prevalent in later luminal tumors, including upregulation of MAPK, Notch, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, EGF, and TP53 pathways, and downregulation of HIPPO signaling, G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling, and Cell Cycle G1/S Checkpoint Regulation, all of which have been associated with the development and progression of human bladder cancer (30, 39, 40, 68–74).