Similarly, another study showed that in 69 paired patients (pre- and post-NACT), the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and the expression of PD-L1 on immune cells increased following NACT, which suggested that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade synergizes with NACT in the treatment of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (108). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.