Additionally, increased levels of TNF-α in the brain have been shown to induce neuroinflammation, which leads to sympathetic activation, an important contributor to the progression in animal model of systolic HF (Kang et al., 2009; Wei et al., 2016; Yu et al., 2019a; Yu et al., 2022a; Badoer, 2022). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is hydrops fetalis.