XBP1 and myeloid sarcoma: In CNS samples from MS patients increased X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and increased astrocyte-specific inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α) activation were detected, confirming their contribution to MS pathology (Wheeler et al., 2019), and Linuron activating signaling via sigma receptor 1, IRE1α, and XBP1 amplify proinflammatory response and drive pathogenic activities in astrocytes.