Hypoxia, a major determinant of angiogenesis in cancer, attracts TAMs by the release of hypoxia-induced chemoattractants like CCL-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (29): TAMs respond to hypoxia by upregulating the expression of inducible transcription factors and their downstream target genes, such as TGF-β. Here, VEGFA is linked to cancer.