SMAD3 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: demonstrated that EBV-EBNA1 enhanced the chemotactic migration of Treg cells through the TGFβ1-SMAD3-PI3K-AKT-c-JUN-miR-200a-CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in NPC microenvironment, thereby promoting NPC immune escape (47).