TNF and vitiligo: Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IFN-γ, and some anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-10 are increased in patients with active vitiligo (81).