TNF and Arthritis: Their results showed that CRT attenuated inflammation in paw swelling, synovial joints and cartilage in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) rats and downregulated MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, TNF, COX2 and iNOS, suggesting that CRT may exert anti-arthritis effects by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, suppressing oxidative stress, and balancing MMPs (73).