The Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS) trial using IL-1β blocking canakinumab in cancer-free patients with atherosclerosis found that patients treated with canakinumab had overall lower cancer incidences and lower cancer-associated morbidity and mortality, and thus provides compelling evidence for a pro-tumorigenic role of chronic IL-1β driven inflammation in humans (7, 8). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is atherosclerosis.