Moreover, M2-phenotypic TAMs are inclined to strengthen tumor angiogenesis via potentiating the secretion of multiple pro-angiogenic growth factors (e.g. VEGF, FGF, EGF, and PDGF-b), angiogenic chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands (e.g. CXCL-8 and CXCL-12), as well as angiogenesis-associated elements (e.g. TGF-β, TNF-α, and thymidine phosphorylase) (105). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.