Polysaccharides from astragalus that mainly contained rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and increased the colon length by inhibiting NF-κB activation, and thus downregulating TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression and subsequently reducing proinflammatory responses (46). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is colitis.