ALB and glomerulosclerosis: The in vivo results indicated that both adenine- and UUO-induced rat models were successfully built, as demonstrated by severe renal function changes (significantly decreased UTP, CREA, Ccr, and ALB levels and increased UUN and BUN levels), glomerulosclerosis, lumen dilation, collagen deposition, enhanced expressions of biomarkers (TGF-β1 and α-SMA), and reduction of E-cadherin biomarker (Figure 2).