Notably, HPCAL1 expression is not significantly altered in livers of mice with HFD or type 2 diabetes (T2D) (data not shown), and we have not observed the clinical relevance of HPCAL1 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and NAFLD-associated HCC in patients, due to limited clinical information available for relevant analysis. The gene discussed is HPCAL1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.