Since IL-34 is an independent biomarker for predicting the development of gastric cancer (15), as well as an important regulating factor for the differentiation of HCC (45), IL-34 may be a therapeutic target in the management of HCC or gastric cancer, but in the almost completely opposite way, i.e., boosting or inhibiting the expression of IL-34, in application of targeting of IL-34 for precision medicine. Here, IL34 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.