Nevertheless, nine heterozygous or hemizygous gene mutations were selected as possible pathogenic genes, such as SEMA3E, INVS, CBL, FRAS1, and AR. However, the phenotypic–genotypic linkage relationship has not yet been proven between these genes and hypospadias/CAVD patients. This evidence concerns the gene SEMA3E and congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.