CD274 and neoplasm: Multiple factors associated with the clinical outcome of immunotherapy are discovered, such as PD-L1 expression (Herbst et al., 2014; Shukuya and Carbone, 2016), tumor mutation burden (TMB) (Rizvi et al., 2015), DNA mismatch repair deficiency (Le et al., 2015), the degree of cytotoxic T-cell infiltration (Tang et al., 2016), mutational signature (Miao et al., 2018), antigen presentation defects (Chowell et al., 2018), interferon signaling (Ayers et al., 2017), and tumor aneuploidy (Davoli et al., 2017).