Expression of classical pan-neuronal, glial, sarcoma/mesenchymal, neural stem cell, and proliferation marker genes was also examined in the ET, PLAGL tumors versus our subset of CNS embryonal tumors, gliomas, and normal tissues, but was inconclusive in terms of possible cell/lineage of origin, as there was no set of marker genes that was clearly differentially expressed in the ET, PLAGL tumor type—with the exception of high Desmin expression in the PLAGL-amplified tumors in all three comparisons (Supplementary Fig. 9). This evidence concerns the gene DES and embryonal neoplasm.