Noteworthy, among these genes, immunoglobulin κ constant (IGKC) and IGKV1-12 are involved in antigenic responses, AXIN2 plays a well-known role in vascular calcification, and COL12A1 has been implicated in aortic stenosis and osteo-chondrogenic differentiation23–25. This evidence concerns the gene IGKC and aortic stenosis.