Myelodysplastic syndromes associated with TP53 mutations or complex karyotypes (p=0·010 in EuroMDS and p=0·013 in IWG-PM), myelodysplastic syndrome with acute myeloid leukaemia-like mutations (p=0·024 in EuroMDS and p=0·043 in IWG-PM), and myelodysplastic syndromes without specific genomic features (p=0·0012 in EuroMDS and p=0·0014 in IWG-PM) were more common in women than in men. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and acute myeloid leukemia.