MYC and cancer: Kratze et al. has reported that many malignancies display hyper-activation of eIF4 proteins (i.e., eIF4A, eIF4E, eIF4G, and 4E-BP proteins), resulting in enhanced binding to the 5’ cap and preferential translation of cancer-associated genes, including cyclin D1, c-myc, and ornithine decarboxylase [29].