HIF1A and congestive heart failure: A total of 6 overlapping pathways were identified among the three pathological stages, including 3 disease-related overlapping pathways, of which the HIF-1 signaling pathway contained the most overlapping genes for PDPMs (Fig. 5f and Additional file 2: Table S9).There were 3 and 4 unique KEGG pathways in SAP–ICM and ICM–CHF, respectively (Fig. 5f).