CXCL1 and malignant colon neoplasm: To determine whether the autocrine mechanism is involved in the CXCL1-mediated malignant process in colon cancer, we measured the CXCL1 secretion of each group of cells (MC38 WT, MC38CXCL1−/−, MC38CXCL1+/+) by ELISA, and the results showed that the CXCL1 protein secreted in CXCL1 knockout cells decreased significantly, while the CXCL1 protein secreted in overexpressing CXCL1 cells was significantly increased (Fig. 7b).