These results suggested that the p38/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway acts as the target of miR-26a-3p, may contribute to the inflammatory response and involved in the synaptic dysfunction, while inhibition of p38 pathway may ameliorate these neuronal injury and behavioral disorders in miR-26a-3p deficiency rats via exerting neuroprotective effects. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and Atypical behavior.