HOGA1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: We found that HOGA1 (4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase, mitochondrial) was downregulated by more than 80% in pancreatic cancer tumor tissues compared with non-tumor tissues in proteomic results (Student’s t test, P < 1.0E−4, FC = 0.14) (Fig. 8A), and western blotting of 12 pairs of pancreatic cancer tissues (Fig. 8B, Additional file 20: Fig. S20C, Additional file 30: Table S8A).