PDPN and central nervous system cancer: Research findings have elucidated PDPN is upregulated by the PI3K-AKT-AP-1 signaling pathway and downregulated by enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and oncogenic mutations IDH1 genes, along with changes in chromatin modifications and DNA methylation, and is closely related to the poor prognosis of gliomas [19].