More striking was the IFNβ response which was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) after Poly:IC stimulation in both COVID-19 groups compared to controls, but also significantly reduced after R848 (P = 0.005) and LPS (P = 0.04) stimulation in only the hospitalized groups (Fig. 3c). The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is COVID-19.