IFNG and malignant colon neoplasm: In the study conducted by Kim, Oh Youn et al., OMVs, extracted from genetically modified Escherichia coli (E. coli) whose genes encoding the lipid component of LPS were dampened ahead of time, exhibited biosafety, a targeting ability and ideal tumor attenuation after systematical administration, and induced the production of CXCL10 and IFN-γ (interferon-γ) in colon cancer cell-bearing mice [64].