APC and colorectal carcinoma: However, Tu et al. [31] and Ahearn et al. [32] showed beneficial effects of these nutrients and their combination on important CRC biomarkers such as TGFα, TGFβ1 (increase) [31], APC (increase), β-catenin (decrease) and E-cadherin (increase) [32], concluding that calcium and vitamin D could be chemopreventive substances in CRC [32].