KDR and central nervous system cancer: KDs ameliorated tumor hypoxia environment and reduced tumor microvasculature in mouse glioma models, which was associated with inhibition of NF-κB and hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and their target genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and vimentin (Figure 5B) [190].