INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In people with T2DM treated with insulin in the study by Che et al., fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR decreased, while the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), an index of insulin secretion efficiency, increased 12 weeks after the early 14:10 TRF protocol compared to the control group (no time restriction) [40].