PER1 and Insulin resistance: Specifically, in the study by Xie et al. the early TRF led to an increase in the midline-estimating statistics of rhythms (MESORs) for BMAL1 and PER2, while the mid-day TRF had diverse effects in rhythms with an increase in PER2 and a decrease in PER1, indicating that the early TRF was more effective in improving insulin resistance and reducing total body and fat mass [52].