We have found that the latter, based on the principles of the Mediterranean Diet, when applied early in pregnancy significantly reduced the elevation of the levels of insulin, IL-6, leptin and HOMA-IR values at the time of screening for GDM and 2–3 years post-delivery, as well as the concomitant over-expression of miR-103a-3p and miR-222-3p. Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.