TNF and liver cancer: Although GsRb1 has been reported to attenuate the levels of many inflammatory mediators, including MMP-9, in pathetic macrophages, vascular cells and brain tissue [33,38,42,43], this is the first report to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of GsRb1 on MMP-9 activity on TNF-α-induced chronic inflammatory conditions of cardiomyocytes and hepatic cancer cells.