IL18 and acute kidney injury: A previous in-vitro study reporting that macrophagic activity was inhibited by sevoflurane, but not by propofol, partly explains the lower incidence of AKI and serum levels of IL-18 [24,25] in the pediatric liver recipients with sevoflurane anesthesia [17]; moreover, because enterobacteria massively shifts toward systemic circulation and reaches the kidneys during liver transplant surgery [26], sevoflurane anesthesia could be more protective than TIVA because it is known to favorably affect the internal microbiome, thereby enhancing the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier [27].