APP and Alzheimer disease: Concerning this, Lee et al. [66], using induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) from AD patient-derived fibroblasts, demonstrated that APP-CTFs accumulation resulted in mitophagy failure, as validated by increased LC3-II and p62 and inconsistent PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) recruitment to mitochondria and failed fusion of mitochondria and lysosomes.