Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), CTLA-4 (ipilimumab), or PD-L1 (durvalumab, atezolizumab, avelumab) have brought significant improvements in the progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with second-line chemotherapy in late-phase clinical trials and have been rapidly established as standard management of advanced stage NSCLC [8,9,10,11]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.