Monocytes, as shown by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) study in acute CDF, produce TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 as compared to patients with DM or normal controls; also, when activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli 0111/B4, they produce produced more TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, but less IL-4 and IL-10, than patients with DM or healthy controls; but in both cases they decrease after the recovery from acute phases [38]. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is diabetes mellitus.