To further increase the drug payload capacity, various aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles were developed as carriers for cancer therapy, such as polymeric nanocarrier [205,206], DNA nanocarriers [196,207,208,209], quantum dots and DOX [210], superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [211], chitosan nanoparticles [212,213,214], etc. In immunotherapy, Stecker et al. developed the MUC1 aptamer-C1q conjugate to recruited C9 to the cell surface, thereby increasing the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC) [215]. Here, MUC1 is linked to cancer.