Table 1 presents the results of association analysis of alleles and genotypes of the HSF1 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in both entire and sex-stratified groups. The rs3757971-C/C genotype is associated with an increased risk of T2D (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.03–1.64, p = 0.026). A sex-stratified analysis showed that a carriage of both the rs3757971-C/C genotype (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04–1.95, p = 0.027) and the rs7838717-T/T genotype (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.12–2.08, p = 0.0078) was associated with disease risk only in females. This evidence concerns the gene HSF1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.