The level of vitreous TNF-α was similar in CTL (100.0 ± 10.3%) and DM (101.2 ± 6.3%) and slightly lower in DR (82.9 ± 10.7%) but no significant difference was found between groups (CTL vs. DM: p > 0.9999, CTL vs. DR: p > 0.9999; DM vs. DR: p = 0.7233) (Figure 8E). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is diabetes mellitus.