Quantification by each retinal layer showed significantly higher NLRP3 expression in the NFL/GCL in DM (3371.4 ± 1376.1%; p ≤ 0.0001) and DR (4072.4 ± 1117.1%; p ≤ 0.0001) compared to CTL (100.0 ± 13.6%). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and diabetes mellitus.